EXPECTED PRACTICAL BIOLOGY (waec2013

PRATICAL BIOLOGY SPECIMEN A: specimen A is a stem of cassava. specimen A is propagated by stem cutting. specimen A consist of nodes .a leaf or palmate leaf . botanical name =manihof spp. pest of specimen A includes. (a)grasshopper(b)white flies(c)mealy bug (d)rodents . disease of specimen A are casava mosaic,leaf spot,root knot e.t.c CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN A (a)possesion of notes (b)presence of inter nodes (c)possesion of buds (d)possesion of leaves and leaves stalk (e)it stored food in the roots SPECIMEN B SPECIMEN B is a plantain or bannana sucker . method of propagating specimen B is by sucker. class of fruit of specimen B is a berry.other plants in the same class of berry are (a)tomato(b)guava(c)garden eggs other plants that can propagated by sucker are (a)pineaple(b)bannana . suckers are underground young plants which develop from the axillary buds of the parent plant. ecological consequence of sucker is over crowding leading toncompelition for space,light and available food resources . *************************** CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN B (a)presence of advations roots(b)possesion of axillary buds(c)possesion of leaf base(d) underground stem of main shoot is also present ECONOMIC IMPORTANT OF SPECIMEN B (a)the new plant arised from the stem sucker is a source of income to the farmers (b)the fruit cell is also a source ofincome (c)the fruit is a good source of food, vitamins,minerals,e.t.c (d)the leaf base of the main shoot can also host pests and diseases. SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN A AND B (a)both are propagated through their vegetative parts. (b)both consist of buds DIFFERECES BETWEEN SPECIMEN A AND B SPECIMEN A (a)its a stem of cassava (b)absense of the stem sucker (c)it is dicot SPECIMEN B (a)it is a plantain sucker (b)presence of stem sucker (c)it is a monocot specimen C specimen C is runner of grass.runners are stems which grow horizontally on the surface of the ground examples are (a)imperata cylindrica(b)runner of sweet potato(c)strawberry(d)blueberry e.t.c ************************ ----DIAGRAM------ the structure of imperata cylindrics(a runner) ************************ GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A RUNNER (a)possesion of buds (b)they grow horizontally to the surface of the ground (c)they are organs of vegetative propagation (d)possesion of advatition roots. SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIMEN B & C (a)both are propagated through their vegetative parts (b)both have advertition roots (c)scale leaves are present in both specimen DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SPECIMEN B & C SPECIMEN B (a)its a plantain sucker (b)possesion ofunderground stem (c)stem sucker grow vertically SPECIMEN C (a)is a runner of grass. (b)the stem grow on the surface of the ground (c)stem runner grow horizontally. SPECIMEN D specimen D is spirogyrs filorments in water in a petric dish. Specimen D is a filaments plants in the division of thallophyt. other organisms in the thallophyt are (a)sargassum (b)closterium (c)anabaena , e.t.c CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN D (a)possesion of clchiroplast (b)possesion of mucilage (c)possesion of cell wall (d)possesion of pyreniod (e)it is a simple multicellular **************************** ---DIAGRAM---- the structure of specimen D **************************** Mode of reproduction: -specimen D carries out sexual reproduction by conjugation & asexual reproduction by fragmentation -When specimen D (SPIROGYRS)cell is immersed in salt (super) solution more concentrated than its cell sap,the cell (spirogyrs)we shrink & die (plasmolysis have taking place). -Rub the filament of the specimen D gently between your fingers & you will observe that the filaments are coated with mucilage which makes them slimy. -Place a filament of specimen D in a cover slip or white tide & place a drop of iodine solution the part(portion)of the specimen.the portion turned blue-black showing the presence of starch. -The invunerable bubbles of gas form among the threads of specimen D shows that oxygen is evolved during photosynthesis. Mode of nutrition of specimen: -D is AUTOgrapH (holophytic)nutrition. -The habitat of specimen D is aquatic (moist place) SPECIMEN E ************************ -----DIAGRAM---- The structure of specimen E *********************** CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN E (a)it consist of bronehioles (b)it also consist of alveoli (c)it consist of network of blood capillaries (d)it is used for respiration -Respiration is a metabolic process wchich takes part in living cells by which organic nutrients are broken down to release energy (ATP)for life activity or (6H12 O6+6O2-->6CO2+6H2O+ATP) SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION (a)both occur in living organism DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESPIRATION: (a)it is exothrmic (b)it occur in plants & animals (c)respiration is a catabolic process (d)heat is libiberated (e)oxygen is used Photosynthesis: (a)it is endothermic (b)it occur only in plants (c)photosynthesis is an anearobic procees (d)heat is absorbed (e)oxygen is liberated